To fulfill the requirements of micronutrients specially in children and poor people through cereal crops ( Rice, wheat, maize, barley , and oat), we can see micronutrients malnutrition affects major population of world which mostly depends on cereal crops because it’s having less nutritional value. The solution of this is major problem is to enrich their nutritional content. Its formed by scientists through adding nutritional value during food processing or in crop plants through conventional breeding or by using modern biotechnological methods. Therefore, enhancing the nutritional components in cereal crops by using these biological methods is called biofortification.
Biofortified crops
Rice, wheat, maize, potato and cassava are major food crops consumed globally.
Golden Rice 🌾
It’s made by phytoene accumulation in rice plant through genetic engineering. Two genes Phytoene synthase (PSY) and phytoene desaturase (CRT1) from daffodil and a bacterium (Erwinia uredovora) respectively, incorporate in a rice plant which produce betacarotene in seed therefore, developed a “vitamin A” enriched rice. Golden rice produce 23 times higher betacarotene.
Iron rich Crops 
The availability of iron in vegetables, grains and red meat only. Naturally in rice it’s found in very low quantity due to presence of phytate, an potent inhibitor of iron resorption. Therefore, by expressing a iron storage protein ferritin from french bean and soyabean in the endosperm of rice results in 3 fold increase iron in seeds.
Protein rich Crops
The human cell can produce 10 out of 20 aminoacids. Therefore for these essential aminoacids we depends on our food. But due to scarcity many people unable to intake high protein rich sources such as meat, fish or soyabean. Therefore scientist introduce a suitable storage protein sporamin A, and seed albumin protein from sweet potato and amaranthus respectively.